Chemical Characterization and Antiradical Properties of Pyroligneous Acid from a Preserved Bamboo, Guadua angustifolia Kunth

Abstract Pyroligneous acid (PA) was obtained by condensation of the vapors produced in the thermal decomposition of culms residues from Guadua angustifolia Kunth (G. angustifolia) cultivated in Colombia, with and without previous preservation treatment with borax salts. Chemical characterization by GC-MS showed that PA extracts has high content of phenolic compounds. Mequinol, isocreosol, 4-ethylphenol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxytoluene and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol were the most abundant substances, identified. The total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH free radical scavenging activity, were investigated. TPC showed a concentration of 1.959 mg GA g-1±0.010 and 3.844 mg GA g-1±0.027 to PAC and PAS samples. These samples also exhibited high DPPH activity of 70.975%±0.921 and, 16.667%±0.298, respectively. The chemical composition, TPC and DPPH results indicate that the PA extracts obtained from G. angustifolia may be used as a raw material in the food industry as natural preservative, in medicine as alternative to antibiotics and in agriculture as insect repellent and foliar fertilizer.

Drenaje endoscópico transgástrico de pseudoquiste pancreático en paciente pediátrico / Transgastric endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst in a pediatric patient

Resumen Un pseudoquiste pancreático es una acumulación de líquido casi siempre estéril, rico en enzimas digestivas y jugo pancreático encapsulado en una pared de tejido fibroso y de granulación sin revestimiento epitelial, generalmente de forma ovalada o redondeada. Los pseudoquistes se pueden desarrollar por complicaciones en el páncreas que generan obstrucción o ruptura de un conducto pancreático. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 9 años con diagnóstico de pseudoquiste pancreático con crecimiento progresivo, debido a trauma abdominal cerrado. Se realizó un manejo multidisciplinario para determinar el tratamiento. Por las características del pseudoquiste, se definió realizar un drenaje endoscópico transgástrico. El procedimiento llevado a cabo es descrito en el presente texto. El paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente.

Abstract A pancreatic pseudocyst is an accumulation of fluid that is almost always sterile and is rich in digestive enzymes and pancreatic juice that is encapsulated in a wall of fibrous tissue and granulation tissue without an epithelial lining. They are generally oval or rounded. Pseudocysts can develop from complications in the pancreas that lead to obstruction or rupture of a pancreatic duct. We present the case of a 9-year-old male patient diagnosed with a pancreatic pseudocyst with progressive growth due to closed abdominal trauma. Multidisciplinary management determined treatment. Due to the characteristics of the pseudocyst, transgastric endoscopic drainage was used, and the procedure was carried out as described herein. The patient evolved satisfactorily.

CARACTERIZACIÓN DE MICROORGANISMOS ASOCIADOS A LA DESCOMPOSICIÓN DE HOJAS CONSUMIDAS POR Tremarctos ornatus (URCIDAE) Y POSIBLE RELACIÓN EN SU DATACIÓN / Characterization of Microorganisms Associated to Leave Decomposing Comsumed by Tremarctos ornatus (Urcidae) and Its Possible Data Relation

Se establecieron bases para un método de datación de hojas consumidas por Tremarctos ornatus, con base a la presencia de microorganismos aislados de restos vegetales de las hojas de Tillandsia spp. recogidos en campo, correspondientes a diferentes etapas de descomposición. Las muestras (2 cm de la base de la hoja consumida por el animal) fueron procesadas en el laboratorio para el aislamiento y caracterización de los microorganismos presentes, encontrando que los morfotipos bacterianos predominantes fueron cocobacilos (Pseudomonas sp.) y bacilos Gram negativos, (los primeros se encontraron en todas las edades de descomposición y los segundos solo en las muestras menores a seis meses). Morfotipos correspondientes a cocobacilos Gram positivos solo se encontraron en hojas entre 13 meses y bacilos Gram positivos (Bacillus sp.) en hojas de menos de un mes. Cocos y diplococos Gram positivos solo se presentaron en la muestra de hoja con 56 meses de descomposición. Se encontraron cuatro morfotipos de hongos, dos corresponden a Mucor sp. y Trichoderma sp., además de Epicoccum sp., Alternaria sp., Rhizoctonia sp. El género Trichoderma sp. se encontró asociado a por lo menos uno de los morfotipos anteriormente mencionados en rastros mayores de un mes e inferiores a cinco meses.

We established basis for a datetelling method of leaves (Tillandsia spp.) consumed by Tremarctos ornatus by determining or detecting the presence of microorganisms. We used samples from the field that corresponded to different states of decomposition. The samples (2 cm from the leaf base consumed by the animal) were processed in the laboratory, characterized and determined. Cocobacilli (Pseudomonas sp.) and negative bacilli Gram were the most common bacteria morphotypes, the first were founded on samples from all ages and the second on samples no older than six months. Positive cocobacili Gram (Bacillus sp.); were just present in samples between one and three months old. Positive Gram bacilli occurred only in samples no older than a month, cocos and diplococos in samples between five and six months. Four fungus morphotypes were found, two of them being Mucor sp., and Trichoderma sp., in addition to Epicoccum sp., Alternaria sp., Rhizoctonia sp. Trichoderma was associated with at least one more kind of fungus, for samples to older than one month, but no older than five months.